Vocal Music
Vocal music (seong-ak) is a type of sound art that is displayed by the lyrics of folk tales or folk songs. Type of vocal music is and Minsok jeong-ak-ak. Jeong-ak divided into sijo, gasa and gagok, while minsogak divided into japga, minyo, pansori, music Buddhism and Shamanism music. Minyo and pansori is the kind of sound art that is rooted in the tradition of singing rabble, while chapga, sijo, gasa and gagok was the singing that comes from the nobility and the palace. Both types of sound art has different characteristics. The singing rabble explain the life of the people honest, while singing royalty voicing feelings and emotions that are not as free as the singing rabble. How to sing songs of both types is also different. Folk song singing the lyrics tend to reach a maximum tone, while singing falsetto palace using techniques to achieve a high tone range.
Folk songs are a reflection of feelings and their lives are full of difficulties with the expression of laughter, jokes, cries and abusive language. Their performances are always displayed in the open field. The life of the upper class society characterized by limitation, it is contrived and artificial, so the effect on their music. They display it in an enclosed area.
Music Palace
Music palace is also called jeong-ak or appropriate music. Music palace in divided into 2 types since the time of the kingdom of Silla, namely hyang-ak-ak and tang. Hyang-ak is the original music of Korea and tang-ak is a Chinese music from the Tang Dynasty. The unification of the Korean peninsula by Silla allied with Tang in the 8th century, causing the flow of Chinese culture to Korea. In subsequent periods, the Chinese music continues to be named with the term tang-ak despite the change of power in the country.
King Sejong the Great is known as a pioneer in developing the Korean court music. Having established the basic pitch of the music game, he began to develop a variety of instruments to play music palace. Palace musical instrument is categorized into eight types based manufacturing material: metal, wood, pottery, minerals, cotton yarn, bamboo, pumpkin, and skin.
Tempo music is slow and solemn palace, with musical numbers slowest has less than 30 beats per minute. Because music palace difficult to measure because the concept of music is measured by breathing. Korean court music was preserved until now in Korea, ranging from the type of a-ak, dang-ak and hyang-ak.
The music musician palace wearing a red dress (the symbol of the royal palace) and play music without a conductor, but with a guide that marks the beginning of the music, the music pauses and the end of the game.
In 1493, the Joseon Dynasty print book called Akhak Gwebeom music. The book notes of music and dance in detail, including giving instructions to practice it. Accurate recording of the music of Korea in Akhak gwebeom precede similar music recording in the west. Essence of this book is the ritual music a-ak, which is regarded as essential for the ritual music of Confucianism.
Military Music
Chwita is a type of military music was played at the court when the main gates opened to welcome the arrival of the king who were returning from a trip, also to welcome foreign envoys or military marches. Chwita music played by various types of musical instruments large and dominated by taepyeongso musical instrument that plays the main melody. Chwita music begins with the sound of the music leader who chanted "myonggeum-iha ... daechwita!" by lifting his stick. Chwita music game has 5 pieces of repertoire: chwita-gilgunak-giltaryong-byeoljutaryong-Gunak.
Music Confucianism
During the reign of King Yejong of the Goryeo Dynasty (1105-1122 years), introduced Confucian ritual music of the Song Dynasty, China. This music is called or a Taeseong-ak-ak. Emperor Taizu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, presented the musical instruments ritual to the King Gongmin. Confucian ritual music during the Joseon Dynasty became important and replace Buddhism as the state religion.
Music is an important factor for the Joseon Dynasty who embrace Confucianism. In Confucianism, the music is a means to enhance human character, beautify communities and traditions and inspire better governance. Music not only be pleasant to hear, but also should be a lesson for the mind. Bad music will plunge society into chaos and led to the downfall of the country. Good music, ye-ak (ritual music), enhanced to improve the environmental community, whilst the music is considered rude and bad that will lead to chaos, can not be accepted.
Music Buddhism
With the introduction of Buddhism to the Korean community in the 4th century, Buddhism bernapaskan music began to be used to convey religious purposes. Buddhism serve as the state religion by the Goryeo Dynasty (935-1392) and the art of Buddhism is growing rapidly, but the written record only a few remaining. Large enough influence Buddhist music on folk music and royalty. Gagok types of sound art have a common mantra singing techniques with beompae. Another Buddhist music, Yeongsan hoesang, growing the game of musical instruments of the orchestra and composed of many different versions. Buddhist music played during the ceremonies can be classified into three types, namely yeombul, hwacheong and beompae.
Yeombul: silk is a kind of mantra chanted in daily ceremony by monks in the temple and called also anchaebi sori or indoor track.
Beompae: is a kind of mantra bakkachaebi outdoor sori or songs sung during special ceremonies by monks special master Buddhist music.
Hwacheong: is a kind of mantra chanted the Korean language to spread Buddhist teachings in a language that is easily understood.
Music Shamanism
Shamanism is the oldest of the Korean people confidence that combines elements of ritual worship with music and dance by the leadership of a shaman (mudang or monk). Not only the structure of ritual, but the style of music and dance form each differs by region. Parts Shamanism music performances comprising poems and play musical instruments usually displayed with dances.
The influence of shamanism music to folk music is quite large. Some songs Shamanism adapted into a folk song (minyo or sori) are popular, as changbu taryeong (literally: "shaman song man") and noraetgarak (literally: "melody") of Seoul. Another type of folk art adapted from the music Shamanism is sinawi, Sanjo and dance salpuri.
Music ritual of Shamanism (gut) is unique in each region of the Korean Peninsula, which is categorized into music gut of the northwest, central, southwest, east and Jeju.
Nongak is a music game farmers who staged by a group of musicians consisting of farmers (nongaktae). Music game nongak inherited without clearly known creators. However, the origin of nongak estimated to have been around since the days of the Three Kingdoms of ancient Chinese historical record. Note regarding nongak can also be found in the Annals of Joseon Dynasty (Sillok), popularized by groups of itinerant entertainers.
Nowadays, music games nongak (nongak nori) is based on a variety of activities, including a village ritual (gut), military training, work activities, or purely as entertainment. Nongak have variations based on region, among others Gyeonggi nongak, jwado nongak, udo nongak, Honam nongak, Samcheonpo nongak, uttari nongak and Yeongnam nongak. Shows nongak can last for several days, which includes a music game in the village temple, wells, houses, village office, consisting of marches (gil-gut), knocked on the gate (mun-gut), and walked around the walls of the courtyard of a building (heolsa-gut).
Four main types of musical instruments nongak is kwaenggwari (small gong), cowboy (long drum), buk (drum major) and jing (large gong). The other music players play a musical instrument sogo (small drum) and blowing Nabal (trumpet).
Samul Nori is the kind of game music rooted in traditional arts roving entertainers entertaining group (namsadangpae) in the past. Namsadang group featuring entertainment in the form nongak, dance, and acrobatics to make a living. In 1978, a new type of music nongak shown by traditional musicians group consisting of 4 people, led by Kim Duk-soo (born 1952). This new kind of music called samul nori and is currently regarded as traditional music urban style. Since then, groups have sprung up across the nori samul Korea.
Samul nori called urban music is distinguished from nongak and music game around. Unlike the nongak displayed by standing and dancing, the nori samul played by sitting for concentrating rhythmic music game.
Pansori is a kind of Korean traditional sound art that uses natural voice to reach the maximum limit in a unique way. Pansori is a type of folk music derived from the entertainer since the time of the Joseon Dynasty. The lyrics describe emotional rabble pansori honest and open. When in a state of good feeling, a pansori singer can sing for hours, but if not they will only show one hour.
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