Jazz is the kind of music that grew out of the merger of blues, ragtime, and European music, especially music band. Some subgenre of jazz is Dixieland, swing, bebop, hard bop, cool jazz, free jazz, jazz fusion, smooth jazz, and CafJazz. Jazz is the music flow from the United States in the early 20th century with the roots of African and European music. Many jazz music using guitar, trombone, piano, trumpet, and saxophone. One important element in jazz is syncopation. The word "jazz" comes from a vulgar term used for sexual acts. Most of rhythm in jazz music once associated with brothels and the women with an unfortunate reputation. In a way then, jazz eventually became a musical art form, both in the specific composition and improvisation, which reflects spontaneous melodies. Jazz musicians usually express the feeling that is not easily explained, because this music must be felt within the heart. "If you ask, you'll never know" so according to Louis Armstrong.
The legend of jazz began in New Orleans and grew into the Mississippi River, Memphis, St. Louis, and finally Chicago. Of course music is influenced by jazz music in New Orleans, African tribal drums and the structure of European-style music. Jazz background can not be separated from the fact where jazz influenced by a variety of music such as spiritual music, cakewalks, ragtime and blues. One of the legends of jazz is believed that around 1891, a barber shop owner in New Orleans named Buddy Bolden blew his cornet and that's when jazz began as a new breakthrough in the world of music. Half a century later, American jazz music contribute much in the world of music, studied at university, and eventually become a serious musical flow and calculated.
Jazz as a popular art began to spread to almost all of American society in the 1920s (known as the Jazz Age). Jazz increasingly prevalent in the swing era in the late 1930s and peaked in the late 1950s as a modern jazz. At the beginning of the 20s and 30s, "jazz" has become a word that is generally known. The influence of blues music can not be left out when discussing jazz music in the early years of development. The expression that emanates when playing the blues is in accordance with the style of jazz. The ability to play the blues became the standard for all jazz musicians, especially for use in air-to improvise and jam session. Blues music itself, which comes from the South, has a very extensive history. Blues players usually use the guitar, piano, harmonica, or playing together in a group that plays musical instruments homemade.
The history and development of jazz music, is divided into several phases / era. Phase of Dixieland and Ragtime at first, then the swing era and BigBand (1930-1940), bebop era (mid-1940), latin jazz (1950-1960s), jazz rock or fusion (1970) and the recent developments that gave birth phase and The new era such as acid jazz, funk jazz, cross music and so on.
Dixieland and Ragtime Era
Ragtime is unique because it does not include air of improvisation and blues. This is an effect of the primary forms of jazz, lasts for about the first 15 years of the 20th century Generally a piano music for which was written as a whole can be displayed by the orchestra and represents a mix of classical influences and a marching band. Let you listen to the music of Scott Joplin's ragtime tasting.
Dixieland is a style that can be regarded as a variant of classic jazz and New Orleans jazz. Original roots as a musical form of Dixieland sourced from the Chicago music scene in the 1920s. Pioneers of Dixieland style includes guitarist Eddie Condon, saxophonist Bud Freeman and trumpeter Jimmy McPartland.
Dixieland style involves a collective improvisation in the first chorus, the musicians go in solo together riffing of wind instruments, followed by the closing ensemble, usually drummer played a four-bar tags are terminated by the whole band. Unlike musical styles other jazz, dixieland musicians set of songs for a bit limited, but offers endless variations in the voice model, developed around the 1910s.
Along with the development of ragtime, New Orleans jazz emerged in the jazz scene during the first two decades of the 20th century is considered as a first jazz style, ie from 1895 to the music of Buddy Bolden, Kid Ory and Jelly Roll Morton in Storyville, New Orleans, until approaching the 1917 New Orleans jazz has become unfit for marching brass band. There is documentation of the first New Orleans jazz of The Original Dixieland Jass Band in 1917 until the 1920s, when the recording technology has evolved.
This music is expanded to include trumpet and cornet players, such as Joe Oliver and Louis Armstrong, shown as a force oriented to the ensemble, with trumpet player plays the melody, harmonies and counter melodies come from trombonist and / or clarinet. Rhythm section developed into an ensemble banjo, drums, tuba or bass, and piano. Overall, the important points in New Orleans jazz is to emphasize an ensemble rather than solo. The music continues to spread its wings during the 1920s, and began rivaled by the birth of swing music that will eventually replace this kind of music. Dixieland style, which grew in tandem, keeping the basic structure of a New Orleans jazz.
Swing era and BigBand
Duke Ellington Big Band Around 1920 and early 1930, the dance is a dance filip very popular at that time. Melody that accompanies this dance should be soft and romantic, usually accompanied by an orchestra. The orchestra played according to what is written on a paper and singers have to sing very softly and slowly (usually sings tenor voice wear). Then the music swing slowly leaving the string orchestra and chose to wear more easily, an arrangement that is more "exciting" that produces sound of trumpets and instruments that use wind and improvise melodies.
Louis Armstrong offers a different point in the history of swing, broadcast worldwide by a radio station event at the Bing Crosby. Crosby said, "we introduce to you a man who is a master of swing and I would ask you please to him to brief you about what the music swing. Then a few moments louis explains, "ow, swing music, yes we all call ragtime, and blues, and jazz and now called swing".
In the 1930s the birth of swing music. The new effect is better than in the 1920s, but when asked about his music, certainly made everyone who heard it seemed to want to dance swing. Most groups band jazz adopt this style in the early 1930s, but the band playing "Sweet" remains the band's most popular among dancers whites until someone named Benny Goodman appeared in Ballroom Palomar in August 1955 with the music more " hot ".
The audience of young white dancers really liked the rhythm of "hot" and musical compositions swingnya Goodman. Hot Swing and Boogie Woogie become the dominant form of American music for the next ten years. Then many emerging after the swing is becoming popular. For example, Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra wears swing band to give a very good effect in his music and still maintain it is becoming popular music even though the time has come the era of rock n roll.
Bebop era
Miles DavisBebop is one school of jazz music which have unique characteristics in the form of a very fast tempo with emphasis on improvisation on the structure of harmony rather than improvise on the melody. Bebop music developed in the mid-1940s and began to play well-known musicians in the first 2 years in World War II.
In the era of the 1940s, fans began to leave the music swing jazz 30s. The top musicians such as Dizzy Gillespie, Bud Powell, Charlie Parker and Thelonious Monk were very inspired from the previous generation such as Art Tatum, Earl hines, Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, and Roy Eldridge.
Bebop describes the drastic change of the swing era jazz music with the character already described above, fast tempo, asymmetric phrases, melodies filled with intrigue, and rhythms that really changed drastically. Bebop music that often seems as nervous and often disconnected and divided. But for almost all jazz musicians and jazz enthusiasts around the world, the era of music bebop jazz music revolution is recognized as the most attractive and beautiful.
Freedom offered by the music of bebop in the structure of the music is really against the rules of music swing more towards music arrangements for the orchestra or band. In bebop music, you'll find lots of individual improvisation in the game chord and his instrument. Even when jazz musicians had brought their music, bebop jazz will give you a spontaneous improvisation in which musicians might not even be able to repeat their improvised from beginning to end. Here is the biggest difference from bebop music when compared with swing music. The addition of the complexity of the melody being played is also a new trend that is contained in the bebop era jazz.
In most games bebop jazz, there are some instruments that are commonly used. These instruments are the saxophone, trumpet, drums, bass, and piano. Format beginning of this bebop jazz duet popularized by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie in the 1940s. Games group fronted by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie also often added saxophone, guitar, trombone, or a violin in their bebop jazz compositions. Despite only being one of the flow of music jazz, bebop jazz to this day still played around the world. The characteristics of the substitution of highly complex harmonies and improvisation very liberal became a favorite of many jazz musicians. In all educational jazz, bebop jazz flow of this can be one alternative to express themselves.
Bebop music is best played in small-group format; quartets and quintets proved ideal with economic and artistic reasons. This music is developed within the urban jazz clubs, where the viewer prefers to come to listen to the solos rather than for dancing to their favorite songs. Briefly, bebop musicians make jazz an art form that is not only intended for the taste, but also intellect.
Jazz stars popping up in the bebop era, among them is Trumpeters Clifford Brown, Freddie Hubbard and Miles Davis, saxophonists Dexter Gordon, Art Pepper, Johnny Griffin, Pepper Adams, Sonny Stitt and John Coltrane, and trombonist J.J. Johnson.
In the 1950s and 1960s, bebop undergone several mutations: hard-bop, West Coast, cool-jazz and soul jazz of them. Small-group format of bebop, which is one to three horns, piano, bass and drums, remains as a standard combo instrumentation jazz to this day.
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